Contracts Created Electronic Means Remained

Question: Examine about the Report for Contracts Created by Electronic Means. Answer: Presentation: The specific second when the agreement hosts been made between the gatherings when the agreement is made through electronic has stayed a significant issue. The requirement for choosing the specific snapshot of the arrangement of an agreement will consistently stay exceptionally critical. The presentation of the agreement might be referenced to the second when the agreement was shaped, and similarly, the spot of the development of the agreement is significant when the pertinent locale must be chosen if there should be an occurrence of a question between the gatherings. Anyway the ongoing enactment, Electronic Transactions Act, 1999 has not completely answers these issues. For sure, the lawful intercession around there, both at the neighborhood just as on the global level has been intentionally cautious in regards to the subject. Halfway this has been because of the explanation that it ought not meddle with the national law that applies to the agreement development (Stellard Pty Ltd An or v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd., 2015). Nonetheless, in spite of this pattern over the globe, the United States has, in any event mostly, enacted on this inquiry as Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act. Anyway separated from this enactment, the inquiry with respect to the arrangement of an agreement made by the gatherings through electronic methods remains completely in the domain of precedent-based law and there is a chance of the utilization of the out of date postal acknowledgment rule to such specialized technique. Anyway so as to manage the issue of agreements made through electronic methods, these agreements must be considered with regards to the essential rules that are connected with the arrangement of agreement (Burns and Hutchinson, 2009). Law and legally binding acknowledgment: as indicated by the normal standard, an agreement isn't made between the gatherings and the offer isn't acknowledged except if the other party has imparted the acknowledgment of the offer. Along these lines, the significant second related with the development of an agreement is that of acknowledgment. This is the second when it very well may be said that an agreement hosts been shaped between the gatherings. Because of the basic pretended by acknowledgment in the arrangement of an agreement, by and large is required by the law that the gathering ought to really convey the acknowledgment to the gathering making the offer. Considering the necessity of genuine correspondence, there can be no uncertainty that both the gatherings to the agreement are in understanding in regards to its terms and simultaneously, the gatherings are likewise mindful of the way that their commitments under the agreement have started (Schiano, 2004). Be that as it may, ce rtain exemptions and adjustments are available to the standard of real correspondence of acknowledgment which affect when and where the agreement is made between the gatherings. Taking into account the effect of this standard itself, just as its various alterations, there are sure genuine ramifications for the gatherings that are attempting to make an agreement utilizing electronic methods (Carter and Harland, 1993). Time and spot in the development of an agreement: As referenced over, the law thinks about that the agreement is framed between the gatherings exactly when the acknowledgment of the offer happens. In the current research paper, the attention is on to resulting impacts, the time and the spot of acknowledgment or as such, the time and spot of the agreement development. This is otherwise called when and where questions. Time: The specific time of the development of an agreement can be essential as a rule. For example, on the off chance that it hosts been concurred between the gatherings that a thing will be bought at showcase value that will be resolved based on the arrangement of the agreement, it gets important to pinpoint precisely when the agreement is shaped between the gatherings. Similarly, the planning of the development of the agreement can likewise be significant to determine whether, for instance a specific obligation is pertinent to buy or an administration refund can be guaranteed by the buyer (Cornwilaw, 2006). If there should arise an occurrence of the arrangements and the development of an agreement utilizing electronic conceptualizing isn't extremely hard to envision the worldwide situations where it gets indispensable to precisely discover the specific second when the agreement has been framed. Along these lines extending from exchanging fates to a basic buy that has been made to the Internet, discovering the specific snapshot of acknowledgment and thusly, the specific snapshot of the arrangement of the agreement may straightforwardly impact the cost paid by the gatherings or all the more for the most part, the rights and commitments of the gatherings emerging under the agreement (Starke, Seddon and Ellinghaus, 1992). So as to obviously exhibit this point, a model can be given of a basic acquisition of offers made through email. In such a case, typically the cost paid for the offers is resolved when the agreement is shaped between the gatherings (Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation, 1955). Thusly by applying the essential standards of agreement law, this will mean the second when the acknowledgment has been given. In such a case, an email will be sent by the buyer in which an offer will be made by the offers and an email will be sent by the dealer in which the acknowledgment of the offer will be imparted. Anyway what will occur if between the hour of sending the acknowledgment email and the genuine receipt of the acknowledgment by the offeror, there is a sensational increment in the cost of the offers being referred to. The effect on the value that must be paid for these offers will be significant, contingent upon the way that the agreement can be considered to have been framed when the ackno wledgment was sent or when the email containing the acknowledgment was the gotten. Hence it again uncovers the noteworthiness of discovering the specific second at which the agreement hosts been shaped between the gatherings (Forder and Svantesson, 2008). Spot: The moment of acknowledgment is significant not just for the hour of the arrangement of the agreement yet additionally for the spot of the development of the agreement. If there should arise an occurrence of basic agreements, the second acknowledgment happens, is considered as the snapshot of the development of the agreement, in regards to when the agreement was made as well as in regards to where the agreement was made. Along these lines, where the acknowledgment has occurred likewise viewed as where the agreement was shaped between the gatherings. This circumstance has purview outcomes if there should arise an occurrence of any resulting prosecution between the gatherings. The law gives that so as to have locale in an activity in contract by a court, it is necessitated that the agreement ought to be either made inside the purview; administered by the law of the gathering or it ought to have been broken inside the ward of the court. In setting of the current research paper, it is the first of these capabilities that is the most applicable. So as to build up that a specific court has locale if there should be an occurrence of an activity dependent on an agreement that was shaped to email, it must be set up that the acknowledgment of the offer includes occurred inside the ward of such a court (Gatt, 1998). Indeed this shows the noteworthiness of recognizing the specific snapshot of the acknowledgment of the offer. If there should arise an occurrence of the agreements that are made utilizing email, it isn't evident whether the acknowledgment has occurred when the acknowledgment was sent by the offeree or it is considered to have occurred when the equivalent is gotten by the offeror. Anyway the jurisdictional results in both the cases are critical. A model in such manner can be given of an offer of products were the agreement hosts been shaped between the gatherings utilizing email. On the off chance that it very well may be considered in such a case, that offer has been made incidentally, and the acknowledgment has been made by the merchant, the sending of acknowledgment by the dealer will be the basic exchange. On the off chance that it is viewed as that the acknowledgment happens in the acknowledgment rather, in such a case the purchaser's discussion will be applicable ward however th e contrary will be valid in the event that it is inferred that the agreement is framed right now of the real receipt of the acknowledgment (Graw, 2005). The postal acknowledgment rule: This standard gives a special case to the general principle as indicated by which, the acknowledgment must be imparted to the offeror with the end goal of agreement development. Anyway the standard has been grown almost 2 centuries back to manage the apparent issues when the agreements were framed by the gatherings utilizing post. Along these lines as per the postal acknowledgment decide it is viewed as that the agreement is finished and restricting when the acknowledgment is posted rather than when it is really gotten by the other party. Anyway it is as yet not satisfactory if the postal acknowledgment rule will be relevant if there should be an occurrence of the agreements made through messages. It very well may be guaranteed that in any event adroitly, snail mail and email are the equivalent. In both these cases, the sender 'posts' the correspondence through outsider and shows up in the letter box of the beneficiary and the message isn't really perused until such correspondence ha s been opened by the beneficiary. In the event that the postal standard is applied to email exchanges, the outcome will be that an agreement will be shaped between the gatherings when the acceptor/offeree presses the send button rather than the second when the acknowledgment has been gotten by the offeror. Along these lines in such a case, the time and spot of the agreement will be when and where the acknowledgment has been sent. However, the contentions that are made on the side of the postal acknowledgment rule are not material to email. Most altogether, there is no constant deferral in posting and the receipt of the email. These methods of correspondence are suitable reevaluated as immediate and in this way, the guidelines related with virtua

Investors Gain New Clout Essay Example for Free

Financial specialists Gain New Clout Essay From the numerous issues currently being experienced by the US in their economy and the manner in which they direct their organizations, lawmakers and different gatherings are going to better approaches to improve the old framework and pull America’s economy out of its droop. The most recent among these moves is the move by the authoritative to give investors more force and control in setting and removing individuals from the governing body. This move has become an issue because of the move in power as far as whose intrigue is supported by the decision. There are a few distinct interests that exist in an organization particularly when people and gatherings inside it decide. There are investor premiums, representative premiums, the board premiums and partner premiums that contention with one another. The present issue features the contentions that emerge between the interests of the administration and the investors just as the various premiums of the investors themselves. This is the place the conflict starts. From one viewpoint, the individuals who endorse of the new decision keep up that their advantages are being maintained particularly on the grounds that they are the ones who put resources into the business. This advances their fundamental enthusiasm of the association prevailing in the long haul as a result of the speculations they have placed into the business. While the past decision impairs little investors, this new standard gives them voice through the procedure of â€Å"proxy access† as long as they have at any rate 3% of the controlling stock. This will empower them to communicate their dispute and disappointment in the board individuals and remove them particularly on the off chance that they imagine that the activities of the board are not suitable. Then again, the interests of the administration, will be tested by the new decision and could bring about issues in execution and productivity. While the defendability and the apparent negative impacts of this decision are contestable, one thing is clear: huge business that infuriated their financial specialists would go under tension and could wind up reexamining their techniques. An observable thing about this change is the obvious relativity on how majority rule government is seen. Prior to the decision, numerous chiefs filled in as the marking body for the CEOs and other high positioning officials they are entrusted to manage. This brings into light the evident control of CEOs and different officials paying little mind to how the proprietors of the organization feel about their choices. With proprietors at last having a proportion of control to a reasonable and unbiased chance to choose free chiefs, numerous things are going to change in companies beginning with both the board and top administration centering, rather, on serving the interests of the investors as their need. With the democratization of the investors as they are given more force, numerous in the executives will consider such to be methodology as a bane as opposed to the aid they have constantly seen it to be. Business roundtables, so as to shroud their endeavors at slanting the corporate political race procedures to support the company over considerable investor premiums, have attempted to stop such democratization of intensity inside their frameworks. In any case, their endeavors have as of late been bested by the â€Å"proxy access† rule. The new decision has made corporate executives straightforwardly responsible to the activities of the organization. This will result (in any event hypothetically) the improvement of exhibitions of the chiefs except if they need to be removed from office and supplanted by free up-and-comers picked by the investors who are against their presentation. This force is, be that as it may, a twofold edged blade. Propelling the interests of investors who, among themselves, have various premiums could end up being an excessively bureaucratic and bulky procedure where all sides would should be conciliated so as to cause no one’s fury and be excused from the position they have been holding. With as meager as 3%holding offers, corporate chiefs will host numerous gatherings to conciliate, which will expect them to be extremely powerful and appealling, just as having a general decent exhibition, in the event that they need to remain on the board.

Why Addiction Is Considered a Chronic Brain Disease

Why Addiction Is Considered a Chronic Brain Disease Addiction Alcohol Use Print Why Addiction Is Considered a Chronic Brain Disease By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 27, 2019 Witthaya Prasongsin / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Addiction is a chronic brain disease thats more about the neurology of the brain than the outward manifestations of behavioral problems and poor choices, according to a group of addiction medicine professionals. In April 2011, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) released its new Definition of Addiction, which, for the first time, extends addiction to include behaviors other than problematic substance abuse. A group of 80 addiction experts worked for four years to arrive at the new definition of addiction  and concluded that addiction is about the underlying neurology of the brainâ€"not about outward behavior. Addiction Alters Your Brains Reward System Addiction affects your brains reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry to the extent that your motivations are altered so that your addictive behaviors replace healthy, self-care behaviors. The brains reward system is also altered in such a way that the memory of previous rewardsâ€"be it food, sex, or drugsâ€"can trigger a biological and behavioral response to engage in the addictive behavior again, in spite of negative consequences, and sometimes even though you no longer even find pleasure in the activity. Impulse Control Is Also Altered Addiction also affects the frontal cortex of your brain in such a way as to alter your  impulse control and judgment. This results in the pathological pursuit of rewards, ASAM says when addicts return to their addictive behavior in order to feel normal. The frontal cortex is involved in inhibiting impulsivity and delaying gratification. Because this area of the brain continues to develop into young adulthood, the ASAM experts believe this is why early-onset exposure to substances is linked to the later development of addiction. Characteristics of Addiction According to the ASAM definition, addiction is characterized by: Inability to consistently abstainImpairment in behavioral controlCraving or increased “hunger” for drugs or rewarding experiencesDiminished recognition of problems with your  behaviors and relationshipsA dysfunctional emotional response Other Features of Addictive Behavior These conditions are also commonly present in addiction: Cravings and addictive  behaviors are triggered by external cuesA risk of relapse even after long periods of abstinenceResistance to change despite increasing problems Impaired Control and Judgment Problems ASAM says that behavioral manifestations and complications of addiction, due to impaired control, can include: Engaging in more addictive behavior than you intendedIncreased time lost from work or schoolContinued substance use despite physical or psychological consequencesNarrowing of your addictive behavior repertoire; for instance, you only drink one brand of a certain type of alcoholLack of readiness to get help, despite admitting a problem Addiction Can Cause Cognitive Changes Cognitive changes in addiction can include: Preoccupation with the substance or addictive behaviorAn altered sense of the pros and cons of addictive behaviorsA false belief that your problems are not predictable consequences of addiction Addiction Can Cause Emotional Changes ASAM believes emotional changes in addiction can include: Increased anxiety, dysphoria, and emotional painSituations seeming more stressful than they really areDifficulty identifying and expressing feelings The Reason for a New Definition of Addiction In the past, diagnosis of addiction has focused on outward manifestations of a persons behaviors, which can be observed and confirmed by standardized questionnaires. The new definition of addiction instead focuses on whats going on inside you, in your brain. The experts at ASAM hope their new definition leads to a better understanding of the disease process, which they say is biological, psychological, social, and spiritual in its manifestation. Addiction can manifest itself in many behaviors beyond substance abuse. The Implications for Treatment Traditionally, people with addictions have sought and received treatment for a particular substance or behavior. This has sometimes resulted in the person substituting one addiction for anotherâ€"what ASAM calls the pathological pursuit of rewardsâ€"because the underlying cause was not treated. ASAM suggests that comprehensive addiction treatment should focus on all active and potential substances and behaviors that could be addictive. ASAM was careful to point out that the fact that addiction is a primary, chronic brain disease does not absolve addicts from taking responsibility for their behaviors. Just as people with heart disease or diabetes have to take personal responsibility for managing their illness, if you have an addiction, you also must take the steps necessary to minimize your  chance of relapse, ASAM said.

Presentation on Cohabitation and Case Studies - 763 Words

Presentation Co-Habition 15’ I. Intro (HÆ °ng): 1. Introduce the group 2. What is Cohabittion? Cohabitation is an arrangement where two people who are not married live together in an intimate relationship, particularly an emotionally and/or sexually intimate one, on a long-term or permanent basis. II. Body (Nhà  n, Há º ¡c, Cà ºc, Trà ­): 1. Advantages (Nhà  n, Trà ­) i. Protesting the Institution of Marriage * Despite religious, cultural and legal biases against non-traditional unions, more and more Americans are accepting of unions between two men or two women. In fact, according to an April 2011 CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll, 51 percent of Americans think gays and lesbians should have the same legal rights as†¦show more content†¦* No Ceremony: Some non-religious people choose to cohabitate because they do not regard the religious or legal ceremony of marriage to be that important. For these people, a union between two people is not stronger simply because a priest or state officiant formally acknowledges the union. If a couple regards marriage as a m ere formality, then cohabitating can be a more desirable option. Read more: The Advantages of Cohabitation in Couples | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8448460_advantages-cohabitation-couples.html#ixzz2FkIfKOxU 2. Disadvantages (Há º ¡c, Cà ºc) i. Higher risk of divorce: Cohabitors who do marry are more at risk for subsequent divorce than those who did not cohabit before marriage. In the United States the risk of divorce is 50 percent higher for cohabitors than for non-cohabitors. The divorce rate is even higher with previously married cohabitors and serial cohabitors (those who have had several cohabiting experiences). There are some indications that the divorce rate is higher for couples who live together for a longer period of time, especially over three years. ii. Less satisfactory adiustments in marriage: In a study cited by the bishops— committee, cohabitors generally report lower satisfaction with marriage after they marry than do non-cohabitors. There are indications that some living-together couples have more problematic, lower-quality relationships with more individual and couple problems than non-cohabitors.Show MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer Essay1334 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesevidence right now that currently show that secondhand smoke alone can cause lung cancer by itself. This means that we need to encourage studies that are accurate with only secondhand smoke as the center, but this doesn’t mean that secondhand smoke doesn’t cause lung cancer the only reason that it can’t be considered as a cause right now because there is no definite study that shows it does. 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The Global Issue Of Population Growth - 979 Words

Beyond a doubt we urgently need to address the devastating global issue of population growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. Overpopulation is a huge problem in the United States of America, which is causing us to run out of natural resources. The human race is already too large and is destroying the natural systems that support us. There are many solutions to this problem, but the common factor is controlling the human race. What can we do as a society to help contribute to controlling the population growth? â€Å"The United States is the most overpopulated country in the world† (Ehrlich). Let’s first discuss what is considered to be overpopulated? Overpopulation is â€Å"The condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary.com, 2011). The growing rate of population in America is becoming exceeding extreme and dangerous. â€Å"The rate of Arije 2 population increase, now approximately 1.7 percent a year will decline to a little less than 1 percent sometime between the years 2020-2025† (Ehrlich). The more people added on to this earth the more resources we will have to useShow MoreRelatedThe Global Issue Of Population Growth960 Words   |  4 PagesBeyond a doubt we urgently need to address the devastating global issue of population growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. 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Career and Philanthropic Work of Magic Johnson Free Essays

Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson is not only amongst the all-time greatest basketball players, but he is also a well-respected philanthropist. This essay discusses his early career, major career achievements, being diagnosed with AIDS, and philanthropic work. Magic Johnson’s glorious basketball career began as a student at the Michigan State University. We will write a custom essay sample on Career and Philanthropic Work of Magic Johnson or any similar topic only for you Order Now He led the team to a National Championship title in 1979. Johnson’s skill qualified him to play at the National Basketball Association (NBA). While playing with the Lakers, the team won five NBA championships and participated in nine NBA finals. He was honored by being named the NBA Most Valuable Player three times. Johnson also played on the U. S. A. Olympic team that won the gold medal in the year 1992. In 2002, he was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame. He was particularly known for his excellent passing skills. Johnson’s match winning performance in the 1980 NBA finals is an integral part of basketball history. He received several honors including being selected as a member of the All-Time team for NBA’s 50th anniversary in 1997 (NBA Encyclopedia). On October 25, 1991, his doctors told Johnson that he had the HIV virus. Says Johnson, â€Å"That was the hardest day of my life. After I got myself off the ground, I decided to have a positive attitude (NBA Legend).† Two weeks later, on November 7, 1991, Johnson announced to the world at a press conference organized by the Lakers about his affliction. At the conference, he said that he would not give up to the disease easily and would battle it. He announced that he would become a spokesman about HIV. As the doctors had advised him not to play basketball any longer, Johnson announced his retirement from basketball. Johnson decided that he would use his fame and his status as an icon for millions of people to educate the youth about HIV. One month after his diagnosis, he started the Magic Johnson Foundation. According to a research conducted by Pollock (426), the revelation of Magic Johnson had changed the attitude of people about AIDS and influenced them to alter their behavior in order to avoid the virus. The foundation has raised millions of dollars to build four modern clinics for people afflicted with AIDS. Free HIV/AIDS testing has been provided to approximately 38,000 people across America through the â€Å"I Stand with Magic† program. The foundation has helped nearly 280,000 people understand the risk factors of contacting HIV. The foundation also provides educational and medical help to children and young adults. The foundation has opened 20 Community Empowerment Centers in underserved communities (Magic Johnson Foundations). When Hurricane Katrina occurred, the foundation partnered with various grocery and drugstores, provided prescriptions and groceries to victims. The renowned basketball player also stated that he would find ways to generate jobs to those who have been displaced by Katrina (Tucker 1). Magic Johnson received the USA Today’s National Hero Award for his contribution to the society through the Magic Johnson Foundation. Magic Johnson is also an active businessman. He runs a company called Magic Johnson Enterprises (MJE). MJE has several businesses in its portfolio, which include Canyon-Johnson Urban Fund, SodexhoMagic, Aetna, and BestBuy, 30 Burger King restaurants, Magic Johnson Theaters, and a dozen sports centers. The company aims to provide products and services to ethnically diverse communities and minorities (Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson Biography). Even after 17 years of being diagnosed with HIV, he has not developed AIDS. Magic Johnson can be called a self-made success story and a great sportsman and social worker who has selflessly used his iconic status to help countless people lead a better life. Work Cited About the Foundation. Magic Johnson Foundation. 10 May 2008 http://mje001.pieheadproductions.com/index.php?/foundation/aboutthefoundation/accomplishments/. Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson Biography. Magic Johnson Foundation. 12 May 2008 http://mje001.pieheadproductions.com/index.php?/enterprises/ourteam/leadership/earvin/ NBA Encyclopedia. NBA Media Ventures. 9 May 2008 http://www.nba.com/history/players/johnsonm_bio.html. NBA legend â€Å"Magic† Johnson delights CU crowd. (February 1998). Cornell Chronicle. 12 May 2008 http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/98/2.19.98/Magic.html Pollock III, Philip H. â€Å"Issues, values, and critical moments: Did `Magic’ Johnson transform public opinion on AIDS?† American Journal of Political Science 38 (1994): 426. Tucker, Laura. â€Å"Business Hero: Magic Johnson.† 5 May 2008 ;http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Magic_05;. How to cite Career and Philanthropic Work of Magic Johnson, Essay examples

Runaway Teens Cause and Effect free essay sample

II The first cause of runaway teens are children own emotional problems. Depression. Problems with school, relationships, picked on or even beaten up, weight, and looks. III Dysfunctional, neglectful, or abusive family environment is also a cause for runaway. 1. Parents involved in illegal activity. Taking pills, smoking weed, stealing, breaking the law etc. 2. Parental relationships. Remarriage, divorce, more than one partner. 3. Parent attitude toward child. Hitting, no attention, strict, physical or mental abuse. IV Last but not least, personal problems. 1. Peer pressure. Gang relationship, bet, dares, relationship pressure. 2. Illegal activity not allowed at home. Gang relationship, drug use. 3. Relationships. Parents disagree with friends, not allowed to date, met someone online. Story: A girl was in a relationship with Butler on the internet and with a cell phone even after her parents found out and tried to stop her. He picked her up on a saturday evening to runaway as man and wife. We will write a custom essay sample on Runaway Teens Cause and Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When she had second thoughts she sent text messages with the description of the car to her sister, enabling state police to catch the man. The relationship went on for a year before she decided to leave with him. She was only a few years younger than her, though Butler knew she was underage. This story shows how dangerous running away is. A million things could have happened to her just because she thought she loved him and made a wrong decision. VI With every action there are consequences. The National Network for Youth had one study were fifty one percent of runaway youth reported physical abuse. They also say fifty to fifty six percent of homeless teenagers report mental health problems over their lifetime. The National Network for Youth have also found that sixty six percent of males and thirty three percent of females report being assaulted on the street and that huge numbers are victims of commercial sexual exploitation. Runaway teens are six to twelve times more likely to become infected with HIV than their at-home peers. The Department of Health and Human Services says that up to forty percent have been sexually molested. Staff at runaway and homeless youth shelters say sixty three percent of the runaways the work with are depressed; fifty percent have trouble with school; twenty percent abuse drugs and alcohol; and seventeen percent have been in the juvenile justice system. One survey found that twenty six percent of those on the street have attempted suicide and nearly one-third of shelter youth have attempted suicide. Nearly half the young women on the street and one-third of the girls in shelters report having been pregnant in the past. Also, some teenagers sometimes turn to illegal and dangerous choices to survive. More than one-third of homeless teens engage in survival sex, or trading sex for: money, food, shelter, drugs, and other subsistence needs. Almost as many report dealing drugs or engaging in other criminal activities to survive on the street.